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Impacts of data sampling on the interpretation of normal fault propagation and segment linkage

Tao, Ze ; Alves, Tiago M.

Tectonophysics, 2019-07, Vol.762, p.79-96 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V

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  • Título:
    Impacts of data sampling on the interpretation of normal fault propagation and segment linkage
  • Autor: Tao, Ze ; Alves, Tiago M.
  • Assuntos: Data ; Data sampling ; Data sampling interval ; Earthquake damage ; Fault lines ; Fault propagation models ; Faults ; Geological faults ; Geologists ; Growth ; Interpreters ; Leakage ; Normal faults, fault growth ; Outcrops ; Sampling ; Sampling errors ; Scaling ; Segmentation ; Slip
  • É parte de: Tectonophysics, 2019-07, Vol.762, p.79-96
  • Descrição: Throw-distance (T-D) and throw-depth (T-Z) plots are widely used by researchers and industry to examine the growth of normal faults. This study uses high-quality three-dimensional (3D) seismic and outcrop information to review the effect of data sampling on the interpretation of normal fault growth. The results show that the accuracy of T-D and T-Z data, and of resulting fault slip tendency and leakage factor analyses, are dependent on the sampling strategy followed by interpreters and field geologists, i.e. on a Sampling Interval/Fault Length Ratio (δ) for discrete structures. In particular, this work demonstrates that significant geometric changes in T-D plots occur when a Module Error (εi) for the ratio δ is larger than 6%–9% for faults of all scales and growth histories. This implies that a minimum number of measurements should be gathered on discrete faults to produce accurate T-D and T-Z plots, and that the number of measurements is dependent on fault length. With no prior knowledge of fault segmentation, a δ value of 0.05 should be applied when interpreting faults to fulfil the pre-requisite of a ɛi < 6–9%. In all faults analysed, slip tendency and leakage factors were systematically misrepresented with increasing δ values. To disregard the limits proposed in this work results in: 1) a systematic underrepresentation of the isolated fault growth model, 2) a systematic misrepresentation of fault geometries and related damage zones, 3) the collation of erroneous fault scaling relationships, and 4) ultimately, unreliable interpretations of fault sealing properties. Hence, this work presents a new tool for interpreters and structural geologists to understand the sampling strategies necessary to obtain accurate fault throw and displacement data at different scales of analysis. •We present a new tool to understand the sampling strategies necessary to obtain reliable fault displacement data at different scales of analysis;•The accuracy of T-D and T-Z data, and of resulting fault slip tendency and leakage factor analyses, are dependent on the sampling strategy;•Significant errors in T-D plots occur when sampling intervals exceed 5% of the total length of segmented faults;•Fault stress analyses require sampling intervals approaching maximum data resolution.
  • Editor: Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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