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Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm

Nobre, Carlos A. ; Sampaio, Gilvan ; Borma, Laura S. ; Castilla-Rubio, Juan Carlos ; Silva, José S. ; Cardoso, Manoel

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2016-09, Vol.113 (39), p.10759-10768 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: National Academy of Sciences

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  • Título:
    Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm
  • Autor: Nobre, Carlos A. ; Sampaio, Gilvan ; Borma, Laura S. ; Castilla-Rubio, Juan Carlos ; Silva, José S. ; Cardoso, Manoel
  • Assuntos: Agriculture ; Biological Sciences ; Brazil ; Climate Change ; Conservation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Deforestation ; Forest management ; Forests ; Geography ; Gross Domestic Product ; Human Activities ; Humans ; INAUGURAL ARTICLE ; Internationality ; Land use ; Physical Sciences ; Plant Transpiration - physiology ; Risk Factors ; Rural development ; Seasons ; Sustainable development
  • É parte de: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2016-09, Vol.113 (39), p.10759-10768
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
    Contributed by Carlos A. Nobre, August 11, 2016 (sent for review April 4, 2016; reviewed by Eric A. Davidson and Johannes Dolman)
    This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2015.
    Author contributions: C.A.N. designed research; C.A.N., G.S., L.S.B., J.C.C.-R., and M.C. performed research; C.A.N. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.A.N. and J.S.S. analyzed data; and C.A.N., G.S., L.S.B., and J.C.C.-R. wrote the paper.
    Reviewers: E.A.D., University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; and J.D., Vrije Universiteit.
  • Descrição: For half a century, the process of economic integration of the Amazon has been based on intensive use of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources, which has brought significant basin-wide environmental alterations. The rural development in the Amazonia pushed the agricultural frontier swiftly, resulting in widespread land-cover change, but agriculture in the Amazon has been of low productivity and unsustainable. The loss of biodiversity and continued deforestation will lead to high risks of irreversible change of its tropical forests. It has been established by modeling studies that the Amazon may have two “tipping points,” namely, temperature increase of 4 °C or deforestation exceeding 40% of the forest area. If transgressed, large-scale “savannization” of mostly southern and eastern Amazon may take place. The region has warmed about 1 °C over the last 60 y, and total deforestation is reaching 20% of the forested area. The recent significant reductions in deforestation—80% reduction in the Brazilian Amazon in the last decade—opens up opportunities for a novel sustainable development paradigm for the future of the Amazon. We argue for a new development paradigm—away from only attempting to reconcile maximizing conservation versus intensification of traditional agriculture and expansion of hydropower capacity—in which we research, develop, and scale a high-tech innovation approach that sees the Amazon as a global public good of biological assets that can enable the creation of innovative high-value products, services, and platforms through combining advanced digital, biological, and material technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in progress.
  • Editor: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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