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Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa

Strindberg, Samantha ; Maisels, Fiona ; Williamson, Elizabeth A ; Blake, Stephen ; Stokes, Emma J ; Aba'a, Rostand ; Abitsi, Gaspard ; Agbor, Anthony ; Ambahe, Ruffin D ; Bakabana, Parfait C ; Bechem, Martha ; Berlemont, Antoine ; Bokoto de Semboli, Bruno ; Boundja, Patrick R ; Bout, Nicolas ; Breuer, Thomas ; Campbell, Genevieve ; De Wachter, Pauwel ; Ella Akou, Marc ; Esono Mba, Fidel ; Feistner, Anna T C ; Fosso, Bernard ; Fotso, Roger ; Greer, David ; Inkamba-Nkulu, Clement ; Iyenguet, Calixte F ; Jeffery, Kathryn J ; Kokangoye, Max ; Kühl, Hjalmar S ; Latour, Stephanie ; Madzoke, Bola ; Makoumbou, Calixte ; Malanda, Guy-Aimé F ; Malonga, Richard ; Mbolo, Victor ; Morgan, David B ; Motsaba, Prosper ; Moukala, Gabin ; Mowawa, Brice S ; Murai, Mizuki ; Ndzai, Christian ; Nishihara, Tomoaki ; Nzooh, Zacharie ; Pintea, Lilian ; Pokempner, Amy ; Rainey, Hugo J ; Rayden, Tim ; Ruffler, Heidi ; Sanz, Crickette M ; Todd, Angelique ; Vanleeuwe, Hilde ; Vosper, Ashley ; Warren, Ymke ; Wilkie, David S

Science advances, 2018-04, Vol.4 (4), p.eaar2964-eaar2964 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: American Association for the Advancement of Science

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Título:
Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa
Autor: Strindberg, Samantha ; Maisels, Fiona ; Williamson, Elizabeth A ; Blake, Stephen ; Stokes, Emma J ; Aba'a, Rostand ; Abitsi, Gaspard ; Agbor, Anthony ; Ambahe, Ruffin D ; Bakabana, Parfait C ; Bechem, Martha ; Berlemont, Antoine ; Bokoto de Semboli, Bruno ; Boundja, Patrick R ; Bout, Nicolas ; Breuer, Thomas ; Campbell, Genevieve ; De Wachter, Pauwel ; Ella Akou, Marc ; Esono Mba, Fidel ; Feistner, Anna T C ; Fosso, Bernard ; Fotso, Roger ; Greer, David ; Inkamba-Nkulu, Clement ; Iyenguet, Calixte F ; Jeffery, Kathryn J ; Kokangoye, Max ; Kühl, Hjalmar S ; Latour, Stephanie ; Madzoke, Bola ; Makoumbou, Calixte ; Malanda, Guy-Aimé F ; Malonga, Richard ; Mbolo, Victor ; Morgan, David B ; Motsaba, Prosper ; Moukala, Gabin ; Mowawa, Brice S ; Murai, Mizuki ; Ndzai, Christian ; Nishihara, Tomoaki ; Nzooh, Zacharie ; Pintea, Lilian ; Pokempner, Amy ; Rainey, Hugo J ; Rayden, Tim ; Ruffler, Heidi ; Sanz, Crickette M ; Todd, Angelique ; Vanleeuwe, Hilde ; Vosper, Ashley ; Warren, Ymke ; Wilkie, David S
Assuntos: Africa ; Animals ; Ecology ; Firearms ; Geography ; Gorilla gorilla ; Models, Theoretical ; Pan troglodytes ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; SciAdv r-articles ; Trees
É parte de: Science advances, 2018-04, Vol.4 (4), p.eaar2964-eaar2964
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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Present address: Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Schlossallee 2, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
Present address: Ministère de l’Economie Forestière de Développement Durable et de l’Environnement, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
Present address: National Geographic Society, Impact Initiatives, 1145 17th Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
Present address: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Affairs, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041–3803, USA.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Present address: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
Present address: Flora and Fauna International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
Present address: Ministère des Eaux, Forêts, Chasse et Pêche, BP 830 Bangui, Central African Republic.
Deceased.
Present address: Centre for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, BP 48 Gamba, Gabon.
Present address: Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Batterie IV, BP 20379 Libreville, Gabon.
Present address: The Biodiversity Consultancy Ltd., 3E King’s Parade, Cambridge CB2 1SJ, UK.
Descrição: We present a range-wide assessment of sympatric western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees using the largest survey data set ever assembled for these taxa: 59 sites in five countries surveyed between 2003 and 2013, totaling 61,000 person-days of fieldwork. We used spatial modeling to investigate major drivers of great ape distribution and population trends. We predicted density across each taxon's geographic range, allowing us to estimate overall abundance: 361,900 gorillas and 128,700 chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa-substantially higher than previous estimates. These two subspecies represent close to 99% of all gorillas and one-third of all chimpanzees. Annual population decline of gorillas was estimated at 2.7%, maintaining them as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. We quantified the threats to each taxon, of which the three greatest were poaching, disease, and habitat degradation. Gorillas and chimpanzees are found at higher densities where forest is intact, wildlife laws are enforced, human influence is low, and disease impacts have been low. Strategic use of the results of these analyses could conserve the majority of gorillas and chimpanzees. With around 80% of both subspecies occurring outside protected areas, their conservation requires reinforcement of anti-poaching efforts both inside and outside protected areas (particularly where habitat quality is high and human impact is low), diligent disease control measures (including training, advocacy, and research into Ebola virus disease), and the preservation of high-quality habitat through integrated land-use planning and implementation of best practices by the extractive and agricultural industries.
Editor: United States: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa

United States: American Association for the Advancement of Science

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