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Tailoring freshwater diets towards boosted immunity and pancreas disease infection robustness in Atlantic salmon post smolts

Holen, E. ; Chen, M. ; Fjelldal, P.G. ; Skjærven, K. ; Sissener, N.H. ; Remø, S. ; Prabhu, A.J. ; Hamre, K. ; Vikeså, V. ; Subramanian, S. ; Espe, M.

Fish & shellfish immunology, 2022-01, Vol.120, p.377-391 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Elsevier Ltd

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  • Título:
    Tailoring freshwater diets towards boosted immunity and pancreas disease infection robustness in Atlantic salmon post smolts
  • Autor: Holen, E. ; Chen, M. ; Fjelldal, P.G. ; Skjærven, K. ; Sissener, N.H. ; Remø, S. ; Prabhu, A.J. ; Hamre, K. ; Vikeså, V. ; Subramanian, S. ; Espe, M.
  • Assuntos: Amino Acids ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Boost immunity in Atlantic salmon post smolts ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Diet - veterinary ; Disease Resistance ; Fatty Acids ; Fish Diseases - microbiology ; Fish Diseases - virology ; Fresh Water ; Head kidney leukocytes ; Immune gen responses ; Lipopolysaccharides ; LPS ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Diseases - microbiology ; Pancreatic Diseases - virology ; Poly I:C ; Salmo salar - immunology ; Seawater ; Tailoring freshwater diets for Atlantic salmon
  • É parte de: Fish & shellfish immunology, 2022-01, Vol.120, p.377-391
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
  • Descrição: The aim of the current study was to investigate how freshwater diets impact on immunity in Atlantic salmon smolts in freshwater, during transfer to seawater and in post smolts during the seawater stage with and without pancreas disease (PD) infection. Three specific freshwater diets were prepared: (i) A diet similar in composition to commercial salmon freshwater diets (Standard diet); (ii) A diet composed of vegetable oils (rapeseed, palm and linseed oils) mimicking the fat composition in aquatic insects – the natural diet of wild salmon in freshwater (Fatty acid diet); (iii) A diet enriched with possible immune modulating amino acids including dl-methionine, l-lysine, l-threonine and taurine (Amino acid diet). After seawater transfer, all fish were fed the same commercial diet. Head kidneys were extracted, and their leukocytes isolated from smolts right before transfer to seawater, from post smolts one and six weeks after transfer to seawater, and from post smolts in seawater after 8 weeks of ongoing PD infection. In addition, to provoke bacterial or virus induced inflammation in vitro, the individual leukocyte suspension from all fish were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic acid: polycytidylic acid (PIC). The transfer of smolts from fresh-to seawater changed the transcription of several types of genes. Particularly in isolates from fish fed the Standard or Fatty acid diet in freshwater, overall gene transcription (IL-1β, CD83, INF-γ, cox2, cd36, MGAT2, catalase) declined. However, the Amino acid diet stimulated the LPS induced gene transcription of IL-1β, CD83, Cox2, and INF-γ at this stage. In freshwater smolts, PIC stimulated leukocytes showed higher transcription level of Mx and viperin in the Fatty acid and Amino acid diet groups compared to the Standard diet group. In seawater post smolts, Mx and viperin responded similarly to PIC challenge in all diet groups. Furthermore, leukocytes isolated from PD infected fish, continued responding to PIC, regardless of freshwater diet. •Modified Amino- and Fatty acid composition in freshwater diets can increase the immunological robustness of salmon parr towards virus infections during the freshwater phase.•The Amino acid composition in freshwater diets can be tailored to be protective against bacterial and oxidative damage in post smolts newly transferred to seawater.•When challenged with PIC, PD virus or PD virus + PIC, salmon immune cells use their energy to produce antiviral molecules, regardless of diet composition in freshwater.
  • Editor: England: Elsevier Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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