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Xenopus leads the way: Frogs as a pioneering model to understand the human brain

Exner, Cameron R. T. ; Willsey, Helen Rankin

Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000), 2021-02, Vol.59 (1-2), p.e23405-n/a [Periódico revisado por pares]

Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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  • Título:
    Xenopus leads the way: Frogs as a pioneering model to understand the human brain
  • Autor: Exner, Cameron R. T. ; Willsey, Helen Rankin
  • Assuntos: Amphibia ; amphibian ; Amphibians ; Animals ; Biology ; birth defects ; Brain ; Brain - embryology ; Brain - pathology ; Brain - physiology ; CRISPR ; Developmental stages ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug development ; Embryogenesis ; Embryology ; Fertilization ; Frogs ; Genetics ; Interrogation ; Microprocessors ; neural ; Neurodevelopmental disorders ; Neurogenesis ; Organogenesis ; Pattern formation ; Vertebrates ; Xenopus ; Xenopus laevis - embryology ; Xenopus laevis - genetics ; Xenopus laevis - physiology
  • É parte de: Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000), 2021-02, Vol.59 (1-2), p.e23405-n/a
  • Notas: Funding information
    National Institute of Mental Health, Grant/Award Number: 1U01MH115747‐01A1
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  • Descrição: Summary From its long history in the field of embryology to its recent advances in genetics, Xenopus has been an indispensable model for understanding the human brain. Foundational studies that gave us our first insights into major embryonic patterning events serve as a crucial backdrop for newer avenues of investigation into organogenesis and organ function. The vast array of tools available in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis allows interrogation of developmental phenomena at all levels, from the molecular to the behavioral, and the application of CRISPR technology has enabled the investigation of human disorder risk genes in a higher‐throughput manner. As the only major tetrapod model in which all developmental stages are easily manipulated and observed, frogs provide the unique opportunity to study organ development from the earliest stages. All of these features make Xenopus a premier model for studying the development of the brain, a notoriously complex process that demands an understanding of all stages from fertilization to organogenesis and beyond. Importantly, core processes of brain development are conserved between Xenopus and human, underlining the advantages of this model. This review begins by summarizing discoveries made in amphibians that form the cornerstones of vertebrate neurodevelopmental biology and goes on to discuss recent advances that have catapulted our understanding of brain development in Xenopus and in relation to human development and disease. As we engage in a new era of patient‐driven gene discovery, Xenopus offers exceptional potential to uncover conserved biology underlying human brain disorders and move towards rational drug design.
  • Editor: Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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