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Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats

Kesner, David ; Kumschick, Sabrina

Ecology and evolution, 2018-08, Vol.8 (16), p.8273-8285 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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  • Título:
    Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats
  • Autor: Kesner, David ; Kumschick, Sabrina
  • Assuntos: Agricultural economics ; Agricultural management ; Biodiversity ; Birds ; Classification ; Conservation ; Correlation ; Disease transmission ; Economic impact ; Environmental impact ; Environmental impact assessment ; environmental impact classification for alien taxa ; Fecundity ; Funding ; Gastropoda ; Habitats ; Horticulture ; Impact analysis ; impact assessment ; Indigenous species ; Information management ; Invertebrates ; Latitude ; Original Research ; Pests ; resilience ; risk analysis ; Risk assessment ; socioeconomic impact ; Socioeconomics ; socio‐economic impact classification for alien taxa ; Taxa
  • É parte de: Ecology and evolution, 2018-08, Vol.8 (16), p.8273-8285
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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  • Descrição: Alien gastropods have caused extensive harm to biodiversity and socioeconomic systems like agriculture and horticulture worldwide. For conservation and management purposes, information on impacts needs to be easily interpretable and comparable, and the factors that determine impacts understood. This study aimed to assess gastropods alien to South Africa to compare impact severity between species and understand how they vary between habitats and mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and both impact measures with life‐history traits. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio‐Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) to assess impacts of 34 gastropods alien to South Africa including evidence of impact from their entire alien range. We tested for correlations between environmental and socioeconomic impacts per species, and with fecundity and native latitude range using Kendall's tau tests. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare impact magnitude among mechanisms and habitats, respectively. This study presents the first application of EICAT and SEICAT for invertebrates. There was no correlation between environmental impacts and socioeconomic impacts. Habitats did not differ regarding the severity of impacts recorded, but impacts via disease transmission were lower than other mechanisms. Neither fecundity nor native range latitude was correlated with impact magnitude. Despite gastropods being agricultural and horticultural pests globally, resilience of socioeconomic systems makes high impacts uncommon. Environmental systems may be vulnerable to gastropod impacts across habitats, having experienced multiple local extinctions of wetland island snail fauna. South Africa stands out as the only continental country that follows this trend. The knowledge gained on severity and nature of gastropod impacts is useful in risk assessment, which can aid conservation management. To make impact assessments more realistic, we suggest alternative ways of reporting impacts classified under EICAT and SEICAT. This study assesses global impacts of alien gastropods using two novel impact scoring schemes to compare impact severity between species, as well as environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and to understand how impacts relate to habitats, impact mechanisms, and life‐history traits. The gastropods were found to cause severe impacts in environmental systems across a wide range of habitats and relatively low socioeconomic impacts due to the high resilience of socioeconomic systems. The knowledge gained on the severity and frequency as well as the nature and context dependency of gastropod impacts is useful in risk assessment, which can aid conservation management.
  • Editor: England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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