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Was inter-population connectivity of Neanderthals and modern humans the driver of the Upper Paleolithic transition rather than its product?

Greenbaum, Gili ; Friesem, David E. ; Hovers, Erella ; Feldman, Marcus W. ; Kolodny, Oren

Quaternary science reviews, 2019-08, Vol.217, p.316-329 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Elsevier Ltd

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  • Título:
    Was inter-population connectivity of Neanderthals and modern humans the driver of the Upper Paleolithic transition rather than its product?
  • Autor: Greenbaum, Gili ; Friesem, David E. ; Hovers, Erella ; Feldman, Marcus W. ; Kolodny, Oren
  • Assuntos: Cultural evolution ; Cultural revolution ; Initial Upper Paleolithic ; Levant ; Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition ; Modern humans ; Neanderthals ; Paleogeography ; Population connectivity ; Transitional techno-complexes
  • É parte de: Quaternary science reviews, 2019-08, Vol.217, p.316-329
  • Descrição: The transition from the Middle Paleolithic (MP) to the Upper Paleolithic (UP), circa 40kya, is viewed as a major turning point in human evolution, in terms of the material culture, demography, and geographical expansion of modern humans. However, attempts to identify an origin of this so-called ‘revolution’ in the form of a particular stone-tool techno-complex, representing cultural modernity, which spread across the human range, have failed. Instead, the archaeological record of this period comprises multiple ‘transitional techno-complexes’, some associated with modern humans and others with Neanderthals. The cultures that these techno-complexes represent are characterized by precursors of the material cultures of the UP, often alongside features that suggest local cultural continuity. The broadly simultaneous appearance of these transitional cultures, despite a lack of a clear common origin, is puzzling. We suggest that these local ‘revolutions’ had a common underlying driver, which explains the simultaneous appearance of transitional techno-complexes, but that this driver did not determine the particular form of each local revolution. We propose that the driver of the transition to the UP was an increase in inter-population connectivity, both within- and between-species, which allowed local cultures to rapidly evolve and to attain greater complexity than ever before. We suggest that this change was driven by the interaction between modern humans and Neanderthals. In this article we outline processes that are likely to have influenced inter-population connectivity, bringing together evolutionary and ecological perspectives alongside insights from the field of cultural evolution. •The transition from the middle to upper Paleolithic is characterized by multiple transitional techno-complexes.•Many transitional techno-complexes seem independent of one another, and display local geographic continuity.•The coordinated appearance 50-40kya of independent transitional techno-complexes is puzzling, and suggests a common driver.•We suggest the driver was inter-population connectivity increase among moderns and Neanderthals, within and between species.•We propose dynamics in demography, natural selection, and cultural evolution that could have increased connectivity.
  • Editor: Elsevier Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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