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Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of a biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation

Bartling, Andrew W ; Stone, Michael L ; Hanes, Rebecca J ; Bhatt, Arpit ; Zhang, Yimin ; Biddy, Mary J ; Davis, Ryan ; Kruger, Jacob S ; Thornburg, Nicholas E ; Luterbacher, Jeremy S ; Rinaldi, Roberto ; Samec, Joseph S. M ; Sels, Bert F ; Román-Leshkov, Yuriy ; Beckham, Gregg T

Energy & environmental science, 2021-08, Vol.14 (8), p.4147-4168 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry

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Título:
Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of a biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation
Autor: Bartling, Andrew W ; Stone, Michael L ; Hanes, Rebecca J ; Bhatt, Arpit ; Zhang, Yimin ; Biddy, Mary J ; Davis, Ryan ; Kruger, Jacob S ; Thornburg, Nicholas E ; Luterbacher, Jeremy S ; Rinaldi, Roberto ; Samec, Joseph S. M ; Sels, Bert F ; Román-Leshkov, Yuriy ; Beckham, Gregg T
Assuntos: Biomass ; Biomass energy ; Biomass energy production ; Burning ; Capital costs ; Carbohydrates ; Catalysts ; Catalytic converters ; Chemistry ; Climate change ; Commercialization ; Cost analysis ; Distillation ; Distilled water ; Economic analysis ; Emission analysis ; Energy demand ; Energy recovery ; Environmental impact ; Equivalence ; Ethanol ; Fractionation ; Gasoline ; Global warming ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Hemicellulose ; Imports ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycles ; Lignin ; Lignocellulose ; Natural gas ; Oil ; Operating costs ; Polysaccharides ; Pressure ; Process heat ; Reactors ; Refining ; Solvents ; Sustainability ; Vapor pressure
É parte de: Energy & environmental science, 2021-08, Vol.14 (8), p.4147-4168
Notas: Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI
10.1039/d1ee01642c
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
No. DE-AC36-08GO28308
USDOE
Descrição: Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising approach to fractionate lignocellulose and convert lignin to a narrow product slate. To guide research towards commercialization, cost and sustainability must be considered. Here we report a techno-economic analysis (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and air emission analysis of the RCF process, wherein biomass carbohydrates are converted to ethanol and the RCF oil is the lignin-derived product. The base-case process, using a feedstock supply of 2000 dry metric tons per day, methanol as a solvent, and H 2 gas as a hydrogen source, predicts a minimum selling price (MSP) of crude RCF oil of $1.13 per kg when ethanol is sold at $2.50 per gallon of gasoline-equivalent ($0.66 per liter of gasoline-equivalent). We estimate that the RCF process accounts for 57% of biorefinery installed capital costs, 77% of positive life cycle global warming potential (GWP) (excluding carbon uptake), and 43% of positive cumulative energy demand (CED). Of $563.7 MM total installed capital costs, the RCF area accounts for $323.5 MM, driven by high-pressure reactors. Solvent recycle and water removal via distillation incur a process heat demand equivalent to 73% of the biomass energy content, and accounts for 35% of total operating costs. In contrast, H 2 cost and catalyst recycle are relatively minor contributors to operating costs and environmental impacts. In the carbohydrate-rich pulps, polysaccharide retention is predicted not to substantially affect the RCF oil MSP. Analysis of cases using different solvents and hemicellulose as an in situ hydrogen donor reveals that reducing reactor pressure and the use of low vapor pressure solvents could reduce both capital costs and environmental impacts. Processes that reduce the energy demand for solvent separation also improve GWP, CED, and air emissions. Additionally, despite requiring natural gas imports, converting lignin as a biorefinery co-product could significantly reduce non-greenhouse gas air emissions compared to burning lignin. Overall, this study suggests that research should prioritize ways to lower RCF operating pressure to reduce capital expenses associated with high-pressure reactors, minimize solvent loading to reduce reactor size and energy required for solvent recovery, implement condensed-phase separations for solvent recovery, and utilize the entirety of RCF oil to maximize value-added product revenues. Analysis of a promising lignin-first biorefining technique, reductive catalytic fractionation, provides useful metrics for cost and sustainability to guide researchers toward critical areas for improvement.
Editor: Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry
Idioma: Inglês

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Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of a biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation

Bartling, Andrew W ; Stone, Michael L ; Hanes, Rebecca J ; Bhatt, Arpit ; Zhang, Yimin ; Biddy, Mary J ; Davis, Ryan ; Kruger, Jacob S ; Thornburg, Nicholas E ; Luterbacher, Jeremy S ; Rinaldi, Roberto ; Samec, Joseph S. M ; Sels, Bert F ; Román-Leshkov, Yuriy ; Beckham, Gregg T

Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry

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