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A comparative study of rac- and S-metolachlor toxicity to Daphnia magna

Liu, Huijun ; Ye, Weihong ; Zhan, Xiuming ; Liu, Weiping

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2006-03, Vol.63 (3), p.451-455 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Netherlands: Elsevier Inc

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  • Título:
    A comparative study of rac- and S-metolachlor toxicity to Daphnia magna
  • Autor: Liu, Huijun ; Ye, Weihong ; Zhan, Xiuming ; Liu, Weiping
  • Assuntos: Acetamides - toxicity ; acute toxicity ; Animals ; chronic toxicity ; Cladocera ; Crustacea ; Daphnia - drug effects ; Daphnia magna ; enantiomers ; Female ; Freshwater ; herbicidal properties ; Herbicides - toxicity ; Longevity - drug effects ; Male ; metolachlor ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; rac-Metolachlor ; Reproduction - drug effects ; S-metolachlor ; Toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
  • É parte de: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2006-03, Vol.63 (3), p.451-455
  • Notas: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.02.002
    ObjectType-Article-2
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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  • Descrição: Racemic product of metolachlor contains two R enantiomers and two S enantiomers. S-metolachlor is now widely used instead of rac-metolachlor because the former is more effective in herbicidal activity than the latter. The acute and chronic toxicities of rac- and S-metolachlor to Daphnia magna were determined and compared in this study. The acute 24-h LC50s for rac- and S-metolachlor to D. magna were 69.4 and 51.2 mg L −1, respectively, indicating that the acute toxicity of S-metolachlor is slightly higher than that of rac-metolachlor. In chronic test, lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), days to first brood, length, longevity, number of broods per female, number of young per female, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r) were determined. The results showed that the LOEC and NOEC of rac-metolachlor were 0.01 and 0.001 mg L −1, while those of S-metolachlor were 0.5 and 0.1 mg L −1, respectively. The first brood day of D. magna was not affected by rac- or S-metolachlor. Longevity and the number of broods per female were significantly ( P < 0.05 ) affected when rac-metolachlor concentration was higher than 1.0 mg L −1 but were not significantly affected until S-metolachlor concentration was higher than 10 mg L −1. The length was affected at the same concentration of rac- and S-metolachlor. Number of brood per female was significantly reduced when rac-metolachlor concentration was higher than 0.01 mg L −1 but not significantly reduced until S-metolachlor concentration was higher than 0.5 mg L −1. The r values were significantly reduced when the rac-metolachlor concentrations were above 0.01 mg L −1 but not reduced only when S-metolachlor concentration was higher than 0.5 mg L −1. The results of chronic toxicity indicated that rac-metolachlor was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) more toxic than S-metolachlor to D. magna.
  • Editor: Netherlands: Elsevier Inc
  • Idioma: Inglês;Russo
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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