The economics of gender

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Título:
The economics of gender
Autor: Joyce P Jacobsen
Assuntos: Women -- Economic conditions; Women -- Social conditions; Sex role in the work environment; Sex discrimination; Beruf; Geschlechterrolle; Diskriminierung; Soziale Stellung; Wirtschaft; Frau; TRABALHO FEMININO; MULHERES (CONDIÇÕES SOCIOECONÔMICAS); DISCRIMINAÇÃO; DIVISÃO DO TRABALHO
Notas: Includes bibliographical references and index
Descrição: pt. I. What are the issues in the economics of gender? -- 1. Introduction -- What is the economics of gender? -- Why study the economics of gender? -- How are men and women different? -- Focus : gender, gender, everywhere -- Why are men and women different? -- Focus : why are women underrepresented in science? -- Critiques of the economic approach -- Communication between academic disciplines -- Focus : gender and metaphor in the language of economics -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- Appendix : the repercussions of scarcity -- Opportunity cost -- The marginal vs. total distinction -- Markets -- Focus : the intrinsic value paradox : are diamonds and water like lawyers and child care workers? -- Noncompetitive markets, monopoly and monopsony -- Policy application : effects of a minimum wage -- Endnotes -- Discussion questions -- 2. Gender differences in the U.S. economy -- How much do men and women work? -- Focus : will men be tomorrow's "second sex"? -- Where do women and men work? -- How much money do men and women make? -- How well-off are women and men? -- Focus : gender differences in charitable contributions -- How do men and women allocate their time? -- Policy application : unemployment policy -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions
pt. II. Why do women and men work? -- 3. The household as economic unit -- Household and marriage formation -- Forces determining the division of labor -- Who to marry and how to share -- Focus : is bachelorhood a pitiable state? -- How is power distributed in households? -- Focus : the economics of domestic violence -- Household and marriage dissolution -- Focus : prenuptial and postnuptial agreements -- Policy application : no-fault divorce -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- Appendix : consumption and production relationships -- Gains from trade -- Budget constraints and indifference curves -- Substitutes and complements -- Endnote -- Discussion questions -- 4. Labor force participation : analysis of trends -- Trends in labor force participation -- What has caused these trends? -- Explanations of the rise in women's labor force participation -- Focus : what is higher-quality housework? -- Explanations of the fall in men's labor force participation -- Trends in hours worked -- Conclusions about economic factors affecting labor force participation -- Extensions of the simple economic model -- Focus : changes in volunteerism rates -- Predicting changes in the labor market -- Policy applications : subsidized child care -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- Appendix : labor supply -- The decision to work -- Policy application : an earnings tax -- Endnotes -- Discussion questions -- 5. Labor force participation : consequences for family structure -- Demographic trends -- The question of causality -- Focus : early marriage as an element of utopia -- New household and family patterns -- Changes in well-being of households and families -- Focus : the price of success? : higher education and family life -- Focus : teenage mothers and the cycle of poverty -- Policy application : regulation of fertility, access to contraception and abortion -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical so
pt. III. The earnings puzzle : why do women earn less than men? -- 6. Gender segregation in the workplace -- The situation in various occupations -- Focus : directors and officers at Fortune 500 companies -- Interpretation of large changes in the proportion of women in some occupations -- Segregation index values -- Cross-cultural segregation data -- Theories of why segregation occurs and persists -- Focus : blind selection processes -- The relationship between segregation and earnings -- Focus : university coaches' salaries -- Effects of workforce policies on segregation -- Policy application : affirmative action -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- 7. Causes of earnings differences : human capital -- What is human capital? -- How human capital investments affect earnings -- Focus : the "mommy track" controversy -- The significance of human capital theory for occupational choice -- Focus : is there gender bias in educational testing? -- Evidence of effects of human capital differences on gender earnings differences -- Focus : is the classroom climate chilly for women? -- Policy implications of human capital theory for the gender earnings gap -- Policy application : nontraditional job training programs -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions -- Appendix : regression analysis -- Endnotes -- Discussion questions -- 8. Causes of earnings differences : compensating differentials -- What is a compensating differential? -- How do compensating differentials affect earnings? -- Focus : death on the job -- Sorting of workers across firms and industries -- Gender differences in preferences for job characteristics -- Focus : gender differences in "selling out" -- Policy implications of compensating differentials for the gender earnings gap -- Policy application : workplace regulations -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- 9. Causes of earnings difference
pt. IV. Cross-societal comparisons : are gender differences the same everywhere? -- 10. Industrialized capitalist societies -- Overview of levels and trends in these countries -- Focus : institutionalized pay discrimination in New Zealand -- Focus : Swedish hiring quotas and Norwegian boardroom quotas -- Examples from particular countries -- Focus : comparing tax system effects for Sweden and Germany -- Social policies across advanced industrialized countries -- Policy application : child allowances -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions -- 11. Socialist and cooperative societies -- Why these societies might be expected to display more gender equality -- Evaluation of actual practices -- Focus : causes of the progress of women in the Soviet Union -- Examples from particular countries -- Focus : how many "missing girls" are there in China? -- Focus : Vietnam as a paradigm for transition? -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions -- 12. Nonindustrialized traditional societies -- Overview of levels and trends in these countries -- Methods for evaluating the extent and value of work -- Focus : time use in Togo -- Level of gender inequality by type of society -- Focus : flexible gender roles in American Indian societies -- Focus : sex ratios across societies -- Examples from particular countries -- Policy application : rural-urban migration disincentives -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- 13. Effects of the development process on gender differences -- What is development? -- Focus : two Brazilian factories -- Development effects on family structure -- Focus : the marriage market in Singapore -- Development policy topics -- Focus : bank loans in Bombay -- Policy application : foreign aid practices -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions.
pt. V. Historical comparisons : how do gender differences vary over time? -- 14. Gender differences in U.S. economic history -- Overview by era -- Focus : mill towns in New England -- Long-run trends in labor markets -- Focus : bank tellers and the tipping phenomenon -- Policies affecting men and women differently -- Focus : the cigar industry -- Policy application : marriage bars -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions -- 15. Race, ethnicity, and class considerations in interpreting gender differences -- Gender differences across groups -- Different conceptual frameworks for analyzing group differences -- Focus : does U.S. immigration law hurt women? -- Displaced populations, American Indians -- Repercussions of slavery : the African-American experience -- Focus : black progress in corporate America -- Immigrant experiences -- Group membership considerations in formulation of policy -- Focus : does Title IX discriminate against black men? -- Policy application : quotas in educational programs and hiring -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading -- Discussion questions -- 16. Policy proposals -- Summary of policy approaches to gender issues -- General precepts for policy formation -- Focus : why don't women get tenure? -- Focus : part-time lawyers -- Policy application : family-friendly benefits -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Further reading and statistical sources -- Discussion questions.
Editor: Malden, MA Blackwell Pub
Data de criação/publicação: 2007
Formato: xv, 482 p ill 25 cm.
Idioma: Inglês

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The economics of gender

Joyce P Jacobsen

Malden, MA Blackwell Pub 2007

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