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Nitrate Accumulation and Leaching in Surface and Ground Water Based on Simulated Rainfall Experiments

Wang, Hong ; Gao, Jian-en ; Li, Xing-hua ; Zhang, Shao-long ; Wang, Hong-jie Coles, Jonathan A

PloS one, 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0136274-e0136274 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
Nitrate Accumulation and Leaching in Surface and Ground Water Based on Simulated Rainfall Experiments
Autor: Wang, Hong ; Gao, Jian-en ; Li, Xing-hua ; Zhang, Shao-long ; Wang, Hong-jie
Coles, Jonathan A
Assuntos: Accumulation ; Agriculture ; Ammonium nitrate ; Analysis ; Architectural engineering ; Computer Simulation ; Fertilization ; Fertilizers ; Fertilizers - analysis ; Groundwater ; Groundwater - chemistry ; Groundwater flow ; Groundwater pollution ; Influence ; Leaching ; Low level ; Marine environment ; Models, Statistical ; Nitrates ; Nitrates - analysis ; Nitrogen ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Rainfall simulators ; Rivers ; Simulated rainfall ; Soil contamination ; Soil erosion ; Soil fertility ; Soil layers ; Soil pollution ; Soils ; Storm seepage ; Subsurface flow ; Surface flow ; Time Factors ; Time series ; Water conservation ; Water flow ; Water pollution ; Water, Underground
É parte de: PloS one, 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0136274-e0136274
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: JEG HW. Performed the experiments: HW XHL SLZ. Analyzed the data: HW JEG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JEG HW HJW. Wrote the paper: HW JEG.
Descrição: To evaluate the process of nitrate accumulation and leaching in surface and ground water, we conducted simulated rainfall experiments. The experiments were performed in areas of 5.3 m2 with bare slopes of 3° that were treated with two nitrogen fertilizer inputs, high (22.5 g/m2 NH4NO3) and control (no fertilizer), and subjected to 2 hours of rainfall, with. From the 1st to the 7th experiments, the same content of fertilizer mixed with soil was uniformly applied to the soil surface at 10 minutes before rainfall, and no fertilizer was applied for the 8th through 12th experiments. Initially, the time-series nitrate concentration in the surface flow quickly increased, and then it rapidly decreased and gradually stabilized at a low level during the fertilizer experiments. The nitrogen loss in the surface flow primarily occurred during the first 18.6 minutes of rainfall. For the continuous fertilizer experiments, the mean nitrate concentrations in the groundwater flow remained at less than 10 mg/L before the 5th experiment, and after the 7th experiment, these nitrate concentrations were greater than 10 mg/L throughout the process. The time-series process of the changing concentration in the groundwater flow exhibited the same parabolic trend for each fertilizer experiment. However, the time at which the nitrate concentration began to change lagged behind the start time of groundwater flow by approximately 0.94 hours on average. The experiments were also performed with no fertilizer. In these experiments, the mean nitrate concentration of groundwater initially increased continuously, and then, the process exhibited the same parabolic trend as the results of the fertilization experiments. The nitrate concentration decreased in the subsequent experiments. Eight days after the 12 rainfall experiments, 50.53% of the total nitrate applied remained in the experimental soil. Nitrate residues mainly existed at the surface and in the bottom soil layers, which represents a potentially more dangerous pollution scenario for surface and ground water. The surface and subsurface flow would enter into and contaminate water bodies, thus threatening the water environment.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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Nitrate Accumulation and Leaching in Surface and Ground Water Based on Simulated Rainfall Experiments

Wang, Hong ; Gao, Jian-en ; Li, Xing-hua ; Zhang, Shao-long ; Wang, Hong-jie Coles, Jonathan A

United States: Public Library of Science

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