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The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption: new data on volcanic ash dispersal and its potential impact on human evolution

Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E ; Hambach, Ulrich ; Veres, Daniel ; Iovita, Radu Hart, John P.

PloS one, 2013-06, Vol.8 (6), p.e65839-e65839 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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  • Título:
    The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption: new data on volcanic ash dispersal and its potential impact on human evolution
  • Autor: Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E ; Hambach, Ulrich ; Veres, Daniel ; Iovita, Radu
  • Hart, John P.
  • Assuntos: Analysis ; Biological Evolution ; Cosmic rays ; Cretaceous period ; Data points ; Dispersal ; Dispersion ; Earth Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystems ; Evolution ; Geochemistry ; Geochronology ; Hominids ; Homo neanderthalensis ; Human evolution ; Human migration ; Humans ; Loess ; Migration ; Romania ; Sediments ; Social and Behavioral Sciences ; Studies ; Volcanic activity ; Volcanic ash ; Volcanic eruption effects ; Volcanic Eruptions ; Volcanism
  • É parte de: PloS one, 2013-06, Vol.8 (6), p.e65839-e65839
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
    Conceived and designed the experiments: KEF UH. Performed the experiments: KEF UH DV. Analyzed the data: KEF UH DV RI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KEF UH DV RI. Wrote the paper: KEF. Assisted in writing the manuscript: UH DV RI.
    Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
  • Descrição: The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) volcanic eruption was the most explosive in Europe in the last 200,000 years. The event coincided with the onset of an extremely cold climatic phase known as Heinrich Event 4 (HE4) approximately 40,000 years ago. Their combined effect may have exacerbated the severity of the climate through positive feedbacks across Europe and possibly globally. The CI event is of particular interest not only to investigate the role of volcanism on climate forcing and palaeoenvironments, but also because its timing coincides with the arrival into Europe of anatomically modern humans, the demise of Neanderthals, and an associated major shift in lithic technology. At this stage, however, the degree of interaction between these factors is poorly known, based on fragmentary and widely dispersed data points. In this study we provide important new data from Eastern Europe which indicate that the magnitude of the CI eruption and impact of associated distal ash (tephra) deposits may have been substantially greater than existing models suggest. The scale of the eruption is modelled by tephra distribution and thickness, supported by local data points. CI ashfall extends as far as the Russian Plain, Eastern Mediterranean and northern Africa. However, modelling input is limited by very few data points in Eastern Europe. Here we investigate an unexpectedly thick CI tephra deposit in the southeast Romanian loess steppe, positively identified using geochemical and geochronological analyses. We establish the tephra as a widespread primary deposit, which blanketed the topography both thickly and rapidly, with potentially catastrophic impacts on local ecosystems. Our discovery not only highlights the need to reassess models for the magnitude of the eruption and its role in climatic transition, but also suggests that it may have substantially influenced hominin population and subsistence dynamics in a region strategic for human migration into Europe.
  • Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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