Tuberculosis in HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents in Latin America

• Autor: Krauss, Margot R. ; Harris, D. Robert ; Abreu, Thalita ; Ferreira, Fabiana G. ; Ruz, Noris Pavia ; Worrell, Carol ; Hazra, Rohan
• Assuntos: Adolescent ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - diagnosis ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology ; Care and treatment ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Demographic aspects ; Female ; Highly active antiretroviral therapy ; HIV ; HIV patients ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; INFECTIOUS DISEASES ; Latin America ; Latin America - epidemiology ; Male ; Original ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - epidemiology ; Young Adult
• É parte de: The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases, 2015-01, Vol.19 (1), p.23-29
• Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
  SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
  ObjectType-Feature-2
  The members of the NISDI Pediatric Study Group are listed in the Acknowledgements section.
  
• Descrição: To evaluate the occurrence, clinical presentations and diagnostic methods for tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected infants, children and adolescents from Latin America. A retrospective analysis of children with tuberculosis and HIV was performed within a prospective observational cohort study conducted at multiple clinical sites in Latin America. Of 1114 HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents followed from 2002 to 2011, 69 that could be classified as having confirmed or presumed tuberculosis were included in this case series; 52.2% (95% CI: 39.8–64.4%) had laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis, 15.9% (95% CI: 8.2–26.7%) had clinically confirmed disease and 31.9% (95% CI: 21.2–44.2%) had presumed tuberculosis. Sixty-six were perinatally HIV-infected. Thirty-two (61.5%) children had a history of contact with an adult tuberculosis case; however information on exposure to active tuberculosis was missing for 17 participants. At the time of tuberculosis diagnosis, 39 were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Sixteen of these cases may have represented immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Our study emphasizes the need for adequate contact tracing of adult tuberculosis cases and screening for HIV or tuberculosis in Latin American children diagnosed with either condition. Preventive strategies in tuberculosis-exposed, HIV-infected children should be optimized.
  
• Editor: Brazil: Elsevier Editora Ltda
  
• Idioma: Inglês;Português