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The Cortisol Paradox of Trauma-Related Disorders: Lower Phasic Responses but Higher Tonic Levels of Cortisol Are Associated with Sexual Abuse in Childhood

Schalinski, Inga ; Elbert, Thomas ; Steudte-Schmiedgen, Susann ; Kirschbaum, Clemens Schmahl, Christian

PloS one, 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0136921-e0136921 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
The Cortisol Paradox of Trauma-Related Disorders: Lower Phasic Responses but Higher Tonic Levels of Cortisol Are Associated with Sexual Abuse in Childhood
Autor: Schalinski, Inga ; Elbert, Thomas ; Steudte-Schmiedgen, Susann ; Kirschbaum, Clemens
Schmahl, Christian
Assuntos: Abuse ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biological effects ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Child ; Child abuse ; Child Abuse, Sexual - ethnology ; Child Abuse, Sexual - psychology ; Children ; Clinical psychology ; Cortisol ; Development and progression ; Disease susceptibility ; Disorders ; Emotions ; Female ; Germany - ethnology ; Hair ; Hair - chemistry ; Heart rate ; Heart Rate - physiology ; Hormones ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hydrocortisone - analysis ; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis ; Hypothalamus ; Interview, Psychological - methods ; Interview, Psychological - standards ; Measurement ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Mental depression ; Mental disorders ; Mental illness ; Middle Aged ; Patients ; Phenotypes ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Pituitary ; Post traumatic stress disorder ; Psychiatry ; Psychopathology ; Rape ; Saliva ; Saliva - chemistry ; Secretion ; Sex crimes ; Sexual assault ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - ethnology ; Stress, Psychological - physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Stresses ; Trauma ; Young Adult
É parte de: PloS one, 2015-08, Vol.10 (8), p.e0136921-e0136921
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Conceived and designed the experiments: TE IS. Performed the experiments: IS. Analyzed the data: IS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IS. Wrote the paper: IS TE SSS CK.
Competing Interests: The project was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Descrição: Inconsistent findings exist for the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with stress related disorders. Recent studies point towards early life stress as a potential modulator. We investigated the impact of childhood sexual abuse on phasic (saliva cortisol reactivity) and tonic (hair cortisol) regulation. Furthermore, we assessed predictors on cortisol accumulation in hair. Women (N = 43) with stress-related disorders underwent a standardized assessment of idiographic adverse and traumatic experiences and psychopathology, while measuring salivary cortisol and, heart rate and blood pressure. Comparing women with and without childhood sexual abuse revealed lower rates of responders and distinct levels of salivary cortisol to the interview in conjunction with a lower heart rate for the abused group. Childhood adversities, traumatic experiences, and depression contributed to higher hair cortisol levels. Our finding of lower response rate and distinct salivary cortisol pattern in individuals with childhood sexual abuse compared to individuals without early sexual abuse supports the role of environmental programming for the HPA axis. Both, childhood adversities and traumatic stress emerge as crucial factors for long-term cortisol secretion. Lower or suppressed phasic cortisol responses to trauma-related stimuli may therefore be associated with higher tonic values. Thus, early exposure to adversities may result in a biological distinct phenotype in adult patients with stress-related disorders.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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The Cortisol Paradox of Trauma-Related Disorders: Lower Phasic Responses but Higher Tonic Levels of Cortisol Are Associated with Sexual Abuse in Childhood

Schalinski, Inga ; Elbert, Thomas ; Steudte-Schmiedgen, Susann ; Kirschbaum, Clemens Schmahl, Christian

United States: Public Library of Science

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