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The effect of methylphenidate and mixed amphetamine salts on cognitive reflection: a field study

Yechiam, Eldad ; Zeif, Dana

Psychopharmacology, 2022-02, Vol.239 (2), p.455-463 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Título:
The effect of methylphenidate and mixed amphetamine salts on cognitive reflection: a field study
Autor: Yechiam, Eldad ; Zeif, Dana
Assuntos: Amphetamine - therapeutic use ; Amphetamines ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - drug therapy ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Central Nervous System Stimulants - therapeutic use ; Cognition ; Cognitive ability ; Decision making ; Dosage and administration ; Field study ; Heuristic ; Humans ; Methylphenidate ; Methylphenidate - therapeutic use ; Methylphenidate hydrochloride ; Neurosciences ; Original Investigation ; Patient outcomes ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Problem solving ; Psychiatry ; Salts ; Salts - therapeutic use ; Testing
É parte de: Psychopharmacology, 2022-02, Vol.239 (2), p.455-463
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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Descrição: Rationale Methylphenidate (MPH) and mixed D,L-amphetamine salts (MASs; Adderall) were previously found to have unreliable effects on judgment and decision processes. Objective We predicted that MPH and MASs have a specific effect of reducing heuristic responses, which should lead to increased performance on the cognitive reflection test (CRT). The CRT is considered to be a testbed for heuristic versus deliberative response modes. Methods We recruited a sample of 15,361 individuals using the Prolific Academic crowdsourcing platform. From this initial pool, our final sample consisted of 294 participants (125 MPH users and 169 MASs users) who conformed to the study criteria and completed the experimental tasks. Tasks were performed on days where participants were either medicated or not, allowing to assess the effect of medication status. Results There was a strong positive effect of taking MPH on CRT scores (Cohen’s d = 0.40) which was not qualified by frequency of MPH usage, ADHD symptoms, and demographic factors. There was also a somewhat weaker effect for MASs (Cohen’s d = 0.07). No effects of MPH and MASs were recorded for risk-taking and numeracy. Conclusions The results indicate that MPH enhances decision-making in tasks where heuristic responses typically bias it.
Editor: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Idioma: Inglês

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The effect of methylphenidate and mixed amphetamine salts on cognitive reflection: a field study

Yechiam, Eldad ; Zeif, Dana

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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