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Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity

Raven, Peter H ; Wagner, David L

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2021-01, Vol.118 (2) [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: National Academy of Sciences

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  • Título:
    Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity
  • Autor: Raven, Peter H ; Wagner, David L
  • Assuntos: Agriculture - history ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Sciences ; Climate Change ; Extinction, Biological ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Insecta
  • É parte de: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2021-01, Vol.118 (2)
  • Notas: Edited by Matthew L. Forister, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, and accepted by Editorial Board Member May R. Berenbaum August 24, 2020 (received for review March 18, 2020)
    Author contributions: P.H.R. and D.L.W. wrote the paper.
  • Descrição: Major declines in insect biomass and diversity, reviewed here, have become obvious and well documented since the end of World War II. Here, we conclude that the spread and intensification of agriculture during the past half century is directly related to these losses. In addition, many areas, including tropical mountains, are suffering serious losses because of climate change as well. Crops currently occupy about 11% of the world's land surface, with active grazing taking place over an additional 30%. The industrialization of agriculture during the second half of the 20th century involved farming on greatly expanded scales, monoculturing, the application of increasing amounts of pesticides and fertilizers, and the elimination of interspersed hedgerows and other wildlife habitat fragments, all practices that are destructive to insect and other biodiversity in and near the fields. Some of the insects that we are destroying, including pollinators and predators of crop pests, are directly beneficial to the crops. In the tropics generally, natural vegetation is being destroyed rapidly and often replaced with export crops such as oil palm and soybeans. To mitigate the effects of the Sixth Mass Extinction event that we have caused and are experiencing now, the following will be necessary: a stable (and almost certainly lower) human population, sustainable levels of consumption, and social justice that empowers the less wealthy people and nations of the world, where the vast majority of us live, will be necessary.
  • Editor: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Idioma: Inglês
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