Clean Air and Healthy Lungs : Enhancing the World Bank's Approach to Air Quality Management

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Título:
Clean Air and Healthy Lungs : Enhancing the World Bank's Approach to Air Quality Management
Autor: Awe, Yewande ; Nygard, Jostein ; Larssen, Steinar ; Lee, Heejoo ; Dulal, Hari ; Kanakia, Rahul
Assuntos: ABATEMENT ; AEROSOL ; AEROSOL PARTICLES ; AEROSOLS ; AGED ; AIR MONITORING ; AIR POLLUTANT ; AIR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS ; AIR POLLUTANTS ; AIR POLLUTION ; AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS ; AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ; AIR POLLUTION DEATHS ; AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS ; AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE ; AIR POLLUTION INFORMATION ; AIR POLLUTION MONITORING ; AIR POLLUTION PROBLEM ; AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS ; AIR POLLUTION SOURCES ; AIR QUALITY ; AIR QUALITY CONTROL ; AIR QUALITY DATA ; AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES ; AIR QUALITY INFORMATION ; AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT ; AIR QUALITY MONITORING ; AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ; AIRBORNE EMISSIONS ; AIRPORT ; AMBIENT AIR ; AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ; AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS ; AMBIENT OZONE ; AMMONIA ; ARSENIC ; ASH ; ATMOSPHERE ; AUTOMOBILES ; BENZENE ; BIOMASS ; BLACK CARBON ; BOILERS ; BUSES ; CADMIUM ; CAI ; CANCER ; CARBON CONTENT ; CARBON DIOXIDE ; CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS ; CARBON FINANCE ; CARBON MONOXIDE ; CARBON OFFSET ; CARBON TAX ; CARS ; CH4 ; CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ; CHEMICALS ; CLEAN AIR ; CLIMATE ; CLIMATE CHANGE ; CO2 ; COAL ; COLORS ; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ; CROP RESIDUES ; DECISION MAKING ; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ; DIESEL ; DIESEL FUEL ; DIESEL OIL ; DIESEL VEHICLES ; DIOXINS ; DRIVERS ; DUST ; ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ; ECONOMIC GROWTH ; ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ; EMISSION ; EMISSION CONTROLS ; EMISSION REDUCTION ; EMISSION REDUCTIONS ; EMISSION STANDARDS ; EMISSIONS ; EMISSIONS DATA ; EMISSIONS STANDARDS ; ENVIRONMENTAL ; ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ; ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ; ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ; FERTILIZERS ; FINE PARTICULATES ; FOREST ; FOREST AREAS ; FOREST FIRES ; FORESTRY ; FOSSIL FUEL ; FOSSIL FUELS ; FUEL ; FUEL CONSUMPTION ; FUEL QUALITY ; FUEL SUBSIDIES ; FUELS ; GASOLINE ; GEOGRAPHICAL AREA ; GHG ; GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION ; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY ; GLOBAL WARMING ; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL ; GREENHOUSE ; GREENHOUSE GAS ; GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ; GREENHOUSE GASES ; GWP ; HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS ; HAZE ; HEALTH EFFECTS ; HEALTH INDICATORS ; HEALTH OUTCOMES ; HEALTH PROBLEMS ; HEAVY METALS ; HFCS ; HIGHWAYS ; HUMAN HEALTH ; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS ; HYGIENE ; IMMUNE SYSTEM ; INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION ; INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ; INSPECTION ; INTERNATIONAL CARBON MARKETS ; INTERVENTION ; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ; LIQUID PARTICLES ; LOCAL AIR POLLUTION ; LOCAL AIR QUALITY ; MANGANESE ; MARGINAL COSTS ; MERCURY ; METHANE ; MOBILE SOURCES ; MORBIDITY ; MORTALITY ; MOTOR VEHICLES ; N2O ; NATURAL GAS ; NATURAL RESOURCES ; NEIGHBORHOODS ; NH3 ; NICKEL ; NITRATE ; NITRATES ; NITROGEN ; NITROGEN DIOXIDE ; NITROGEN OXIDE ; NITROGEN OXIDES ; NITROUS OXIDE ; NO2 ; NOX ; OILS ; OPEC ; OPEN BURNING ; OPEN DUMPS ; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ; OXYGEN ; OZONE ; PARTICULATE ; PARTICULATE MATTER ; PASSENGER VEHICLES ; PEAK TRAFFIC ; PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ; PM10 ; POLLUTANT ; POLLUTANT EMISSIONS ; POLLUTION CHARGES ; POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS ; POLLUTION EMISSIONS ; POLLUTION IMPACTS ; POLLUTION LEVELS ; POLLUTION REDUCTION ; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ; POPULATION DENSITY ; POPULATION GROWTH ; POWER PLANTS ; PRESENT VALUE ; PRICE OF DIESEL ; PUBLIC HEALTH ; PUBLIC TRANSPORT ; PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ; PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ; QUALITY OF LIFE ; RADIATIVE FORCING ; RADON ; RISK FACTORS ; ROAD ; ROAD SECTOR ; ROAD TRANSPORT ; ROUTE ; SAFETY ; SANITATION ; SMOG ; SMOKING ; SO2 ; SOLVENTS ; STATIONARY SOURCES ; STREETS ; SULFATE ; SULFATES ; SULFUR ; SULFUR DIOXIDE ; TAX RATES ; TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS ; TOXICS ; TRANSPORT ; TRANSPORT PLAN ; TRANSPORT SECTOR ; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE ; TRUCKS ; UNEP ; URBAN AIR ; URBAN AIR POLLUTION ; URBAN AIR QUALITY ; URBAN AREAS ; URBAN DEVELOPMENT ; URBAN SPRAWL ; URBAN TRANSPORT ; VEHICLE ; VEHICLE EMISSION ; VEHICLE EMISSIONS ; VEHICLE ENGINES ; VEHICLE FLEET ; VEHICLE USE ; VOC ; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ; WASTE ; WILLINGNESS TO PAY ; WIND ; WTP
Notas: This report specifically deals with air pollution, which was reported, by the World Health Organization (WHO), as the single largest environmental health risk globally in 2012 (WHO, 2014a). Air pollution from outdoor and household sources jointly account for more than 7 million deaths (3.7 million from ambient air pollution and 4.3 million from household air pollution). The following sections of this chapter present the objectives of, and key aspects of the institutional context for, this report followed by an examination of some of the major drivers of deteriorating ambient air quality in developing countries; air pollution sources and impacts; and the status of air quality management in developing countries. Chapter two presents the results of a desk-based portfolio review of World Bank projects that are relevant to reduction of air pollution. This is followed, in chapter three, by an examination of case studies of World Bank projects whose objectives include addressing ambient air pollution, highlighting good practices and lessons for future work of the Bank in supporting clients. Chapter four presents possible approaches for enhancing future Bank support in helping clients to improve air quality and reduce the associated adverse health outcomes. Chapter five presents overall conclusions and recommendations.
Descrição: This report specifically deals with air pollution, which was reported, by the World Health Organization (WHO), as the single largest environmental health risk globally in 2012 (WHO, 2014a). Air pollution from outdoor and household sources jointly account for more than 7 million deaths (3.7 million from ambient air pollution and 4.3 million from household air pollution). The following sections of this chapter present the objectives of, and key aspects of the institutional context for, this report followed by an examination of some of the major drivers of deteriorating ambient air quality in developing countries; air pollution sources and impacts; and the status of air quality management in developing countries. Chapter two presents the results of a desk-based portfolio review of World Bank projects that are relevant to reduction of air pollution. This is followed, in chapter three, by an examination of case studies of World Bank projects whose objectives include addressing ambient air pollution, highlighting good practices and lessons for future work of the Bank in supporting clients. Chapter four presents possible approaches for enhancing future Bank support in helping clients to improve air quality and reduce the associated adverse health outcomes. Chapter five presents overall conclusions and recommendations.
Editor: World Bank, Washington, DC
Data de criação/publicação: 2015
Idioma: Inglês

Clean Air and Healthy Lungs : Enhancing the World Bank's Approach to Air Quality Management

Awe, Yewande ; Nygard, Jostein ; Larssen, Steinar ; Lee, Heejoo ; Dulal, Hari ; Kanakia, Rahul

World Bank, Washington, DC 2015

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