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Key ornamental innovations facilitate diversification in an avian radiation

Maia, Rafael ; Rubenstein, Dustin R. ; Shawkey, Matthew D.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2013-06, Vol.110 (26), p.10687-10692 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

United States: National Academy of Sciences

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  • Title:
    Key ornamental innovations facilitate diversification in an avian radiation
  • Author: Maia, Rafael ; Rubenstein, Dustin R. ; Shawkey, Matthew D.
  • Subjects: Adaptive radiation ; Africa ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Sciences ; Birds ; Colors ; Ecological genetics ; Ecosystem ; Evolution ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genotype & phenotype ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Melanosomes ; Melanosomes - genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Morphology ; Phenotypic traits ; Phylogeny ; Pigmentation - genetics ; Plant morphology ; Sexual selection ; Speciation ; Starlings ; Starlings - classification ; Starlings - genetics ; Starlings - physiology
  • Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2013-06, Vol.110 (26), p.10687-10692
  • Notes: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220784110
    ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
    Author contributions: R.M., D.R.R., and M.D.S. designed research; R.M., D.R.R., and M.D.S. performed research; R.M. analyzed data; and R.M., D.R.R., and M.D.S. wrote the paper.
    Edited by Mary Jane West-Eberhard, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica, and approved May 16, 2013 (received for review November 29, 2012)
  • Description: Patterns of biodiversity are often explained by ecological processes, where traits that promote novel ways of interacting with the environment (key innovations) play a fundamental role in promoting diversification. However, sexual selection and social competition can also promote diversification through rapid evolution of ornamental traits. Because selection can operate only on existing variation, the tendency of ornamental traits to constrain or enable the production of novel phenotypes is a crucial but often overlooked aspect of diversification. Starlings are a speciose group characterized by diverse iridescent colors produced by nanometer-scale arrays of melanin-containing organelles (melanosomes) that play a central role in sexual selection and social competition. We show that evolutionary lability of these colors is associated with both morphological and lineage diversification in African starlings. The solid rod-like melanosome morphology has evolved in a directional manner into three more optically complex forms that can produce a broader range of colors than the ancestral form, resulting in (i) faster color evolution, (ii) the occupation of novel, previously unreachable regions of colorspace, and ultimately (iii) accelerated lineage diversification. As in adaptive radiations, key innovations in ornament production can provide high phenotypic trait variability, leading to dramatic effects on the tempo and mode of diversification.
  • Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Language: English
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